Greater Kudu  
                                                                                        

                                                                                                      
Scientific Name:  Tragelaphus strepsiceros strepsiceros
Family group: Bovidae
Age: 14 years
Average shoulder height: 1.50 m
Average mass: 230 kg
Habitat: Savannah and open woodland (especially thornveld).
Diet: Leaves, sprouts, pods ans even fresh grass. Dependent on water.
Breeding: 7 months, with a single young.
Vocalization: A very loud hoarse cough.

They have a narrow body with long legs, and their coats can range from brown/bluish-grey to reddish-brown. They possess between 4–12 vertical white stripes along their torso. The head tends to be darker in colour than the rest of the body, and exhibits a small white chevron which runs between the eyes.
Male Greater Kudus tend to be much larger than the females, and vocalise much more, utilising low grunts, clucks, humming, and gasping.[citation needed] The males also have large manes running along their throats, and large horns with two and a half twists, which, were they to be straightened, would reach a length of 1 metre on average. However, the male horns do not begin to grow until the male is between the age of 6–12 months, twisting once at around 2 years of age, and not reaching the full two and a half twist until they are 6 years old.
Formerly four subspecies have been described, but recently only one to three subspecies have been accepted based on colour, number of stripes and horn length.
• T. s. strepsiceros, southern parts of the range from southern Kenia to Namibia, Botswana and South Africa
• T. s. chora, northeastern Africa from northern Kenia through Ethiopia to eastern SUdan, western Somalia and Eritrea
• T. s. cottoni, Chad and western Sudan
This classification was supported by the genetic difference of one specimen of northern Kenia (T. s. chora) in comparison with several samples from the southern part of the range between Tansania and Zimbabwe (T. s. strepsiceros). No specimen of the northwestern population, which may represent a third subspecies (T. s. cottoni) was tested within this study
Also to consider East African Greater Kudu (bea) and Cape Kudu as sub species, as well as Lesser Kudu (tragelaphus imberbis).

They have a narrow body with long legs, and their coats can range from brown/bluish-grey to reddish-brown. They possess between 4–12 vertical white stripes along their torso. The head tends to be darker in colour than the rest of the body, and exhibits a small white chevron which runs between the eyes.
Male Greater Kudus tend to be much larger than the females, and vocalise much more, utilising low grunts, clucks, humming, and gasping.[citation needed] The males also have large manes running along their throats, and large horns with two and a half twists, which, were they to be straightened, would reach a length of 1 metre on average. However, the male horns do not begin to grow until the male is between the age of 6–12 months, twisting once at around 2 years of age, and not reaching the full two and a half twist until they are 6 years old.
Formerly four subspecies have been described, but recently only one to three subspecies have been accepted based on colour, number of stripes and horn length.
• T. s. strepsiceros, southern parts of the range from southern Kenia to Namibia, Botswana and South Africa
• T. s. chora, northeastern Africa from northern Kenia through Ethiopia to eastern SUdan, western Somalia and Eritrea
• T. s. cottoni, Chad and western Sudan
This classification was supported by the genetic difference of one specimen of northern Kenia (T. s. chora) in comparison with several samples from the southern part of the range between Tansania and Zimbabwe (T. s. strepsiceros). No specimen of the northwestern population, which may represent a third subspecies (T. s. cottoni) was tested within this study
Also to consider East African Greater Kudu (bea) and Cape Kudu as sub species, as well as Lesser Kudu (tragelaphus imberbis).

Lesser Kudu

Scientific Name: Tragelaphus imberbis  
Family group: Bovidae
Age: 12 years
Average shoulder height: .98 m (39”)
Average mass: 80 kg (175 lb)
Habitat: Lives in dry bush or savannah country. Although it can go for several days without drinking, it rarely strays far from water.
Diet: Mainly meagre grasses and acacia shoots and leaves. 
Breeding: 7 months, with a single young.
Vocalization: Barking cries when alerted to danger.

Lesser Kudu stand about a metre at the shoulder and weigh 55 to 105 kilograms, males are larger than females. Lesser Kudu males are grey-brown while females are chestnut the coat is lighter on their underside. Both have about ten white stripes on their backs and two white tufts on the underside of their necks. Males have a small mane and horns of about 70 centimetres with one twist.
Lesser Kudu live in dry thorn bush and forest and eat mainly leaves. Lesser Kudu are nocturnal and matinine crepuscular. They live in groups of two to five ranging up to twenty-four on rare occasions these have about equal numbers of males and females.
Total numbers are estimated to number at least 118,000, about 33% of them in protected areas. Numbers are considered to be in decline overall, as a result of meat hunting, overgrazing, and outbreaks of rinderpest. The level of decline is predicted to reach at least 25% over a period of three generations (21-24 years), so approaching the threshold for Vulnerable under criterion A4cde. The Lesser Kudu will probably persist in the arid scrublands of northeastern Africa, as long as human and livestock densities remain relatively low in extensive parts of its range such as northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. It nevertheless faces a continuing, long-term population decline as meat hunting and pastoralism increase within its remaining range. Its status may eventually decline to threatened.

The Lesser Kudu’s long-term survival prospects would be enhanced by improved protection and management of the relatively few protected areas which support substantial populations. In addition, its value as a trophy animal gives the species high potential for increased revenue generation in the extensive bushlands where it still occurs in good numbers outside national parks and equivalent reserves.

Cape Eland

                                                   
Scientific Name: Taurotragus Oryx
Family group: Bovidae
Age: 15 to 18 years
Average shoulder height: 1.65 to 1.75 m
Average mass: 600 to 900 kg
Habitat: Very adaptable, Found from semi-desert shrubveld to different types of woodland and moist mountain grassland.
Diet: Mainly browsers, sometimes grass. Drink water regurlarly when available.
Breeding: 260 days, with a single young.
Vocalization: Females ‘moo’, calves bleat, adult bulls bellow, bark and grumble.

A large antelope, the ground colour is a dull fawn with a dark brown mark on the rear of the foreleg behind the knee. The horns are massive, short, smooth and have a close screw-like spiral in the basal half. Both sexes have horns with the females having the longuest. As the male ages it becomes darker on the neck. The adult animal lacks the white body stripes prevalent in other subspecies. Old bulls grow a tuft of long hair on the forehead. It can jump up to 2m40 high. A characteristic clicking sound can be heard when they walk.
Eland is a genus of antelopes, containing two main species: the Common Eland, and the Giant Eland. The largest African antelope. In the 19th and 20th centuries, eland have been undergoing selection for meat quality and milk quantity in the Askaniya-Nova Zoological Park in the Ukraine. However domestication of the animal was unsuccessful. The largest of all african antelope Male 600kg-800kg, even a ton on rare occasions Female 400kg-600kg

Springbok  

Scientific Name: Antidorcas Marsupialis   
Family group: Bovidae
Age: 12 years
Average shoulder height: .74 m (29”)
Average mass: 35 kg (77 lb)
Habitat: Prefers dry open grass and shrubveld and dry river-beds. Important requirements are sufficient plants to feed on, bushes that are not too high and dense which block their movements and view. Avoids mountains, woodland and tall grass.
Diet: Grass, sprouts and leaves of Karoo bushes and other herbs. Subsists without water, but drinks when available, even stagnant water. 
Breeding: 6 months, with a single young.
Vocalization: Low-pitched grumbling bellow. Whistling snort when upset.

The Springbok (Afrikaans and Dutch: spring = jump; bok = antelope or goat) (Antidorcas marsupialis) is a medium sized brown and white gazelle that stands about 75 cm high. Springbuck males weigh between 33-48 kg and the females between to 30-44 kg. Their colouring consists of three colours, white, reddish/tan and dark brown. Their backs are tan coloured and at the bottom they are white, along each side there is a dark brown stripe extending from the shoulder on towards the inside thigh.
They can reach running speeds of up to 80 km/h. The Latin name marsupialis derives from a pocket-like skin flap which extends along the middle of the back from the tail onwards. When the male springbok is showing off his strength to attract a mate, or to ward off predators, he starts off in a stiff-legged trot, jumping up into the air with an arched back every few paces and lifting the flap along his back. Lifting the flap causes the long white hairs under the tail to stand up in a conspicuous fan shape, which in turn emits a strong floral scent of sweat. This ritual is known as pronking from the Afrikaans, meaning to boast or show off.
Springbok inhabit the dry inland areas of south and southwestern Africa. Their range extends from the northwestern part of South Africa through the Kalahari desert into Namibia and Botswana. They used to be very common, forming some of the largest herds of mammals ever documented[1], but their numbers have diminished significantly since the 19th century due to hunting and fences from farms blocking their migratory routes.
Although they were once fairly scarce, Springbok numbers have drastically increased and they are now almost as abundant as before, thanks to conservation and efforts by the South African hunting industry.
Springbok are hunted as game throughout Namibia, Botswana and South Africa, because of their beautiful coats and because they are very common and easy to support on farms with very low rainfall, which means they are cheap to hunt as well. The export of springbok skins mainly from Namibia and South Africa is also a booming industry.
Conservation methods and responsible hunting restrictions prevent the decrease of numbers and ensure that they aren't over-hunted.

Impala

Average mass for an Impala is approximately 75 kilograms. They are reddish-brown in colour , have lighter flanks and white underbellies with a characteristic "M" marking on its rear. Males have lyre-shaped horns which can reach up to 90 centimeters in length.
When frightened or startled the whole impala herd starts leaping about in order to confuse their predator. They can jump distances more than 9 meters (30 ft) and 2.5 meters (8 ft) high. Leopards, cheetah, Nile crocodiles, lions, spotted hyenas and wild dogs prey on impala.
Females and young form herds of up to two hundred individuals. When food is plentiful, adult males will establish territories and round up any female herd that enter their grounds and will chase away bachelor males that follow. They will even chase away recently weaned males. A male impala tries to prevent any female from leaving its territory. During the dry seasons, territories are abandoned as herds must travel farther to find food. Large, mixed tranquil herds of females and males form.
Young male impala who have been made to leave their previous herd form bachelor herds of around thirty individuals. Males that are able to dominate their herd are contenders for assuming control of their territory.

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